Types of maps grid map usa4/7/2024 ![]() ![]() ![]() As of 1998 it is the official map used by the National Geographic Society. The Winkel-Tripel projection is named ‘tripel’ because it presents a combination of equal-area, conformal, and equidistant projections in an effort to minimize the distortions caused by each. Distortion also occurs near the north and south poles of the Gall-Peters projection, although here the land masses are presented as smaller than they should appear. Created in an attempt to show the world in a more equitable manner, the Gall-Peters projection utilizes a cylindrical equal-area presentation, thus creating more proportionate land masses in terms of flat representation. Although historically the Mercator projection has been the most frequently used, its carries ethical implications for misrepresenting developing countries closer to the equator.Ī more recently accepted flat projection of the earth is the Gall-Peters. The result is a map with increasingly distorted proportions in areas further away from the equator, which appear too large in comparison to the masses near the equator. The conformal Mercator projection superimposes a grid with all right angles onto a flat map. His projection would help navigators determine more precise bearings to reach their destinations more efficiently than sailing in series of constant bearings. Gerardus Mercator, a Flemish cartographer and mathematician, created what is now known as the Mercator projection in 1569. The rhumb lines that make up the grid on a spherical globe cannot all intersect at right angles. Although globes do not necessarily distort geography through their projections, they do have implications on how the people perceive the world, having historically served as symbols of power, wealth, globalization, and imperialism. Because of the Earth’s spherical shape, flat maps inherently cannot correctly project land masses as they appear curved in spherical form. Globes are the most objective way to portray the Earth’s land and water masses without distorting their true proportions. Each has its advantages and disadvantages, but no group – individually, or in combination – can accurately display our world without distorting some facet. Learn more about how to use custom grids.Flat map projections historically have been grouped by equal-area (area preserving), conformal (shape preserving), or equidistant (distance preserving). One example of a custom grid is a township and range grid, shown below. The polygon or line feature acts as the grid lines, and the custom grid allows you to label those lines outside the map frame. Custom gridĪ custom grid is based on a polygon or line feature in a map. Learn more about how to use reference grids. ![]() They are used to visually divide the map, independent of the coordinate system, to allow simple location referencing. Reference gridĪ reference grid is a network of columns and rows used to divide a map into equal-area rectangles. It is used to show locations in a UTM coordinate system and display MGRS-specific information, such as 100,000-meter grid designators. Military Grid Reference System (MGRS) grid is a special type of measured grid. Learn more about how to use measured grids. They are used to show location using projected coordinates. Measured gridĪ measured grid is a network of evenly spaced horizontal and vertical lines used to identify locations on a map. They are used to show location in geographic coordinates (degrees of latitude and longitude). Graticules are lines showing parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude for the earth. Grids are used to show coordinates or divide the map frame. There are five types of grids that can be added to a map frame: graticules, measured grids, MGRS grids, reference grids, and custom grids. ![]()
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